Cervical cancer, which arises in the cervix of the uterus, is a common type of cancer in women. This cancer is usually caused by infection with human papilloma virus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus. However, if detected early, it is treatable and can usually be managed.
The main cause of cervical cancer is infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). This virus spreads through sexual contact and can cause abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix of the uterus. Other factors include:
Frequent sexual contact: Having sex with multiple sexual partners.
Tobacco use: Smoking and consuming other forms of tobacco.
Cervical disease: History of any previous cervical problem.
Weak immune system: Women who have a weak immune system are also at increased risk.
The symptoms of cervical cancer are often not obvious in the early stages. But as the cancer progresses, the following symptoms may appear:
Abnormal bleeding from the uterus: Such as bleeding in between periods or bleeding after sex.
Back pain: Which may be more intense than usual pain.
Pelvic pain: Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen.
Weight loss: Loss of weight for no apparent reason.
Fatigue and weakness: Persistent tiredness and physical weakness.
Various tests are done to diagnose cervical cancer:
Pap smear test: This is a screening test that checks for early signs of cancer by taking samples of cells from the cervix.
HPV test: This is done to confirm infection with the virus.
Colposcopy: In this procedure, surgeons obtain detailed images of the cervix using a special instrument and may perform a biopsy to look for the suspicious area.
Biopsy: This procedure is done to confirm cancer cells by analysing suspicious tissue.
Treatment of cervical cancer is decided based on its stage and the patient’s overall health condition. Treatment options include:
Surgery: This is done to remove the cancerous cervix and surrounding affected tissues. This may include conization (removal of a small portion of the cervix) and hysterectomy (removal of the entire uterus and possibly surrounding organs).
Radiotherapy: High-energy radiation is used to destroy cancer cells. This may be used after surgery or as an alternative to surgery.
Chemotherapy: This attempts to kill cancer cells through drugs. It is especially useful in cases where cancer has spread.
Targeted therapy: This is an advanced medical treatment in which special drugs are used to target specific features of cancer cells.
The following measures can be taken to prevent cervical cancer:
HPV vaccination: The HPV vaccine helps protect against the cancer-causing virus and is most effective when administered during adolescence.
Pap smear test: Regular Pap smear tests can identify early signs of cancer, allowing timely treatment.
Safe sex: Adopting safe sex practices and using condoms during sex to prevent sexually transmitted infections.
After cervical cancer treatment, patients require regular monitoring and care. This includes regular follow-up tests, proper diet, and physical activities. Mental and emotional support is also important, as mental health also needs attention after cancer treatment.
Cervical cancer is a serious condition, but it can be controlled with proper screening, timely diagnosis, and effective treatment. Cervical cancer can be prevented by regular testing, HPV vaccination, and adopting a healthy lifestyle. If you experience symptoms of this cancer or have any concerns about cancer, seek medical advice immediately and get proper testing and treatment.
